6" High-Resolution Orthoimagery -- Ozaukee, Racine, Walworth, Washington, Waukesha Counties (NAD27)

Metadata:


1.  Identification_Information:

Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Quantum Spatial, Inc., on behalf of the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
6" High-Resolution Orthoimagery -- Ozaukee, Racine, Walworth, Washington, Waukesha Counties (NAD27)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Description:
Abstract:
This data set consists of 6-inch, natural color orthoimages covering the urban area footprint. An orthoimage is remotely sensed image data in which displacement of features in the image caused by terrain relief and sensor orientation have been mathematically removed. Orthoimagery combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map.

For the 6-inch GSD Ortho image, horizontal positional accuracy was designed not to exceed 3.80 feet NSSDA at the 95% confidence level.

This dataset consists of uncompressed, ortho photo tiles formatted as 8-bit, 3-band (RGB), uncompressed, GeoTIFF images with TIF world files. Multi-spectral digital orthophotography was produced at a scale of 1:1200 (1" = 100') with a 6-inch pixel resolution over Ozaukee, Racine, Walworth, Washington, and Waukesha Counties. The project area includes a 1,000-foot buffer extension beyond the county boundaries. The area is covered by 720 complete or partially complete 10,000-foot x 10,000-foot tiles on the Wisconsin State Plane Coordinate System grid, South Zone, NAD 1927.

Imagery for Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha counties was also produced on the Wisconsin State Plane Coordinate System grid, South Zone, NAD 1983 (2011), US Survey Feet.

Digital orthophotography combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. Digital orthophotography is a process which converts a digitized perspective aerial photograph or other remotely sensed image data to a digital product that has been rectified for camera lens distortion, vertical displacement caused by terrain relief and variations in aircraft altitude and orientation.

Aerial photography of the Wisconsin counties was captured during the Spring of 2015 on the following flight dates: April 4, 2015; April 5, 2015; April 11, 2015; April 12, 2015; April 14, 2015; April 18, 2015. The Nominal Acquisition Altitude of 7800 feet (AGL) was used to capture the imagery.

The Microsoft UltraCam Eagle large format digital camera captures three band (RGB) imagery at 16 bits.

The image files for the project area are available in GeoTIFF or MrSID file format. GeoTIFF files covering Ozaukee, Racine, Walworth, Washington, and Waukesha Counties were prepared by Quantum Spatial, inc., and are organized to cover an area of 10,000 by 10,000 feet on the Wisconsin State Plane Coordinate System. GeoTIFF files covering Kenosha and Milwaukee Counties were prepared at 3-inch pixel resolution by Pictometry International Corp. and are organized to cover an area of 5,000 by 5,000 feet on the Wisconsin State Plane Coordinate System. The GeoTIFF files do not contain overlap between adjacent images, and have accompanying "world" (".tfw") files.

The MrSID files are color GeoTIFF files merged into compressed files covering larger areas. Each MrSID file for Ozaukee, Racine, Walworth, Washington, and Waukesha Counties covers approximately one U.S. Public Land Survey System survey township (about 36 square miles). Each GeoTIFF file for Kenosha and Milwaukee Counties covers approximately one-half of a survey township (about 18 square miles). The MrSID files do contain overlap between adjacent images, and have accompanying "world" (".sdw") files.

Purpose:
This data depicts geographic features on the surface of the earth. This data set was collected to provide an inventory of orthophoto images in the Southeastern Wisconsin Region and to be used for broad regional planning purposes. It was created to provide easily accessible geospatial data which is readily available to enhance the capability of Federal, State, and local emergency responders, as well as plan for homeland security efforts. This data also supports the National Map.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20150404
Ending_Date: 20150418
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.8267676805346
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.7450351525009
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.5669587733323
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.4669599823086
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: 6-inch orthoimage
Theme_Keyword: rectified photograph
Theme_Keyword: rectified image
Theme_Keyword: orthophoto
Theme_Keyword: natural color orthophoto
Theme_Keyword: orthoimage
Theme_Keyword: image map
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and their principal administrative divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Place_Keyword: US
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 5-2): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Place_Keyword: WI
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
Place_Keyword: Ozaukee County
Place_Keyword: Racine County
Place_Keyword: Walworth County
Place_Keyword: Washington County
Place_Keyword: Waukesha County
Place_Keyword: US
Place_Keyword: WI
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
None. However, users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and that some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of it's limitations.
Data_Set_Credit: Quantum Spatial, Inc.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Windows 7 OS; Microsoft Office products (Word, Excel, Internet Explorer, and Access); MicroStation version 8; Intergraph suite of products; Esri ArcGIS 10; UltraEdit; Global Mapper; GeoExpress 9

2.  Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Radiometry is verified by visual inspection of the digital orthophoto. Slight systematic radiometric differences may exist between adjacent orthoimage files; these are due primarily to differences in source image capture dates and sun angles along flight lines. These differences can be observed in an image's general lightness or darkness when it is compared to adjacent orthoimage file coverages. Tonal balancing may be performed over a group of images during the mosaicking process which may serve to lighten or darken adjacent images for better color tone matching.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
All GeoTIFF tagged data and image file sizes are validated using commercial GIS software to ensure proper loading before being archived. This validation procedure ensures correct physical format and field values for tagged elements. Seamlines and tile edges are visually inspected. Seamline mismatches are corrected unless the overall displacement is less than one pixel.
Completeness_Report:
Orthoimages are visually inspected for completeness to ensure that no gaps or image misplacements exist within and between adjacent images. These images are derived by mosaicking multiple images to ensure complete coverage. Source imagery is cloud free. Photography was flown during leaf-off in deciduous vegetation regions.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The 32 control points measured to produce the NSSDA value of 2.595 feet.
Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.791
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: NSSDA in meters at the 95% confidence level.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: There is no vertical component for orthophotos.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Quantum Spatial
Publication_Date: 2015
Title: GPS Photo Control Survey
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Model
Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2015
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CONTROL
Source_Contribution:
Quantum Spatial performed a geodetic control survey in support of a digital orthophoto production project. The survey was done using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The quality assurance testing of the aerotriangulation was performed with 9 ground based photo control points. Photo control points have a combined local and network accuracy at 95% confidence of less than or equal to five (5) centimeters horizontally and vertically as determined by the residuals of the network adjustment.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Quantum Spatial, Inc.
Publication_Date: unpublished material
Title: Georeferenced Single Frames
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Type_of_Source_Media: external hard drive
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20150411
Ending_Date: 20150418
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: PHOTO
Source_Contribution:
Aerial imagery was acquired using Microsoft UltraCam Eagle large format cameras with a flight design that included approximately 5121 exposures in 64 flight lines. Aerial imagery was supplemented with the simultaneous acquisition of airborne GPS/IMU data, which captured the ground coordinate for the nadir point of each photograph. Aerial imagery was exposed at an altitude of 7800 feet above mean terrain.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Quantum Spatial
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Aerotriangulation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model
Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20150411
Ending_Date: 20150418
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: AT
Source_Contribution:
Softcopy aerotriangulation was performed utilizing the airborne GPS/IMU data, GPS ground control and image coordinate measurements allowing the direct computation of the exterior orientation parameters for each image of the project.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Public Domain Elevation Surfaces
Publication_Date: unpublished material
Title: DEM/DTM
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model
Type_of_Source_Media: DVD
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2002
Ending_Date: 2009
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM
Source_Contribution:
A compilation of topographic land form elevation datasets developed through photogrammetric data capture and/or LiDAR provided from various sources for use in developing digital ortho imagery.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Digital aerial imagery was obtained using a large format Microsoft UltraCam Eagle equipped with Airborne GPS/IMU covering the project area. Approximately 64 flight lines with 5121 frames were collected in the spring of 2015 in multi-spectral (RGB) format. The imagery was acquired at an altitude above mean terrain of 7800 feet to yield a raw pixel resolution of 0.48' suitable for photogrammetric mapping and orthophoto production. The imagery was collected during leaf-off conditions in the spring of 2015 under conditions free from clouds and cloud shadows, smoke, fog, haze, light streaks, snow, ice on water bodies, flooding, and excessive soil moisture. In order to minimize shadow conditions, imagery was obtained during the period of the day when the sun angle was greater than 30 degrees. The imagery consisted of panchromatic, blue, green, and red. Imagery for the photogrammetric mapping and digital orthophotos was captured according to the contract regarding, snow, haze and cloud cover, and modified as appropriate to accommodate the requirements specific to UltraCam technologies and as specified in this scope of work.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: RAWs
Process_Date: 2015
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Georefs
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
A total of 32 ground based photo control points were established throughout project area using a combination of conventional and GPS survey methods in order to support softcopy aerotriangulation and photogrammetric mapping meeting the accuracies specified in this Scope of Work. This control supplemented the exposure station control obtained from the onboard Airborne Global Positioning System (ABGPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Photo control points established for this project have a combined local and network accuracy at 95% confidence of less than or equal to five (5) centimeters horizontally and vertically as determined by the residuals of the network adjustment. Ground control collection followed requirements set forth in the contract, and were modified as appropriate to accommodate the specifications related to ABGPS collection specific to these end photogrammetric mapping requirements.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Geodetic control
Process_Date: 2015
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Control
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Softcopy aerotriangulation was performed on a single block of imagery. The airborne GPS/IMU data, GPS ground control, and image coordinate measurements were utilized to allow the direct computation of the exterior orientation parameters for each image frame to support the photogrammetric process and orthophoto production. The adjusted Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of all horizontal and vertical control points used for any single block adjustment was 0.3 meters or better. At the same time, residuals on each refined image coordinate remain less than 12 microns and residuals on any horizontal or vertical control point did not exceed plus or minus 0.6 meters. Within each block, the QA ground survey coordinates were within two times the RMSE (0.6 meters) of the corresponding AT derived coordinates.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ABGPS
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Control
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: RAWs
Process_Date: 2015
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: AT
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
This process involved the development of seamless topographic landform elevation dataset utilizing LiDAR data collected under this contract to support the production of digital orthophotography that meet or exceed required orthophoto horizontal accuracy. Digital ortho elevation models (OEM) file in DGN format were created for the project area from LiDAR data collected as a part of this task order. Additionally, an "area of change" file was created for Racine county to show differences between the new model and the existing client-provided model created in 2010. The topographic features included a grid of elevation points and may include break lines that define ridges, valleys, edge of water, transportation features and abrupt changes in elevation. The final DTM is suitable for orthophoto production only (not suitable for contour generation). The DTM is used to then generate a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) to support orthophoto production.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DTM
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LiDAR
Process_Date: 2015
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DTM
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Digital orthorectification was performed using bilinear interpolation algorithms resulting in a spatial and radiometric transformation of the digital image from line/sample space into the Wisconsin State Plane Coordinate System South Zone, NAD27, US Survey Feet. The interior and exterior orientation parameters from the aerotriangulation process were used to project each pixel into the ground coordinate system, while the ortho grade DTM was used to correct for relief displacement. Radiometric correction software and techniques were used to create orthophoto files that minimize the appearance of image seams and without loss of feature signature. Orthophotos are checked for geometric accuracy, image quality, and are tonally balanced to produce a uniform contrast and tone across the entire project. The individual overlapping orthophoto frames were mosaicked together. The ortho photos exceed a horizontal accuracy of 3.80 feet or less at 95% confidence level when compared to higher accuracy check points based on NSSDA testing standards.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Georefs
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: AT
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Control
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DTM/DEM
Process_Date: 2015
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Orthos

3.  Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: pixel
Row_Count: 20000
Column_Count: 20000

4.  Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1927
State_Plane_Coordinate_System:
SPCS_Zone_Identifier: 4803
Lambert_Conformal_Conic:
Standard_Parallel: 42.73333333333333
Standard_Parallel: 44.06666666666667
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -90.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 42.0
False_Easting: 2000000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.5
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.5
Planar_Distance_Units: feet
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 27
Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.9786982

5.  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Natural color orthoimagery is organized in three color bands or channels which represent the red, green, and blue (RGB) portions of the spectrum. Each image pixel is assigned a triplet of numeric values, one for each color band. Numeric values range from 0 to 255.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Standards for Digital Orthophotos: Reston, VA.

7.  Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20151202
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Quantum Spatial
Contact_Person: Sarah Zibart
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 523 Wellington Way
City: Lexington
State_or_Province: KY
Postal_Code: 40503
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 859-277-8700
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 859-277-8901
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: szibart@quantumspatial.com
Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time)
Contact_Instructions:
If unable to reach the contact by telephone, please send an email. You should get a response within 24 hours.
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Generated by mp version 2.8.18 on Wed Dec 09 13:00:21 2015